'Heart attack' redirects here. For other uses, see. Myocardial infarction Synonyms Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), heart attack Diagram showing the by the two major blood vessels, the and (labelled LCA and RCA). A myocardial infarction (2) has occurred with blockage of a branch of the left coronary artery (1).

Symptoms,, nausea,,,; arm, neck, back, jaw, or stomach pain,,, Causes Usually,,,,, (ECGs), blood tests, Treatment, Medication,, Prognosis STEMI 10% risk of death (developed world) Frequency 15.9 million (2015) Myocardial infarction ( MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when decreases or stops to a part of the, causing damage to the. The most common symptom is or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Often it occurs in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like. Other symptoms may include, nausea,, a,. About 30% of people have atypical symptoms.

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Women more often present without chest pain and instead have neck pain, arm pain, or feel tired. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. An MI may cause, an,,. Most MIs occur due to.

Risk factors include,,,,,, poor diet, and excessive intake, among others. The complete blockage of a caused by a rupture of an is usually the underlying mechanism of an MI. MIs are less commonly caused by, which may be due to,, and extreme cold, among others. A number of tests are useful to help with diagnosis, including (ECGs), blood tests,. An ECG, which is a recording of the heart's electrical activity, may confirm an ST elevation MI (STEMI) if is present. Commonly used blood tests include and less often. Treatment of an MI is time-critical.

Is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Or may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes.

Is recommended in those with low levels or shortness of breath. In a STEMI, treatments attempt to restore blood flow to the heart, and include (PCI), where the arteries are pushed open and may be stented, or, where the blockage is removed using medications.

People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner, with the additional use of PCI in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, (CABG) may be recommended rather than.

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After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long term treatment with aspirin,, and, are typically recommended. Worldwide, about 15.9 million myocardial infarctions occurred in 2015.

More than 3 million people had an ST elevation MI and more than 4 million had an NSTEMI. STEMIs occur about twice as often in men as women. About one million people have an MI each year in the United States. In the developed world the risk of death in those who have had an STEMI is about 10%. Rates of MI for a given age have decreased globally between 1990 and 2010. In 2011, a MI was one of the top five most expensive conditions during inpatient hospitalizations in the US, with a cost of about $11.5 billion for 612,000 hospital stays. Main article: Myocardial infarction (MI) refers to tissue death () of the heart muscle ().