A disadvantage is that data transmission can be slower, but this is not always the case. Synchronous Serial Transmission Data bits are transmitted as a continuous stream in time with a master clock. The data transmitter and receiver both operate using a synchronized clock.

Definition Of Serial Transmission In Serial Transmission, data is sent bit by bit from one computer to another in bi-direction. Each bit has its clock pulse rate. Eight bits are transferred at a time having a start and stop bit (usually known as a Parity bit) i.e. 0 and 1 respectively. For transmitting data to a longer distance, data cables are used.

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It consists of D-shaped 9 pin cable that connects the data in series. Serial Transmission has two subclasses synchronous and asynchronous. In asynchronous transmission, an extra bit is added to each byte so that the receiver is alert about the arrival of new data. Usually, 0 is a start bit, and 1 is the stop bit. In synchronous transmission, no extra bit is added rather the data transferred in the form of frames which contains multiple bytes. Definition Of Parallel Transmission In Parallel Transmission, various bits are sent together simultaneously with a single clock pulse. It is a fast way to transmit as it uses many input/output lines for transferring the data.

Parallel Transmission uses a 25 pin port having 17 signal lines and 8 ground lines. The 17 signal lines are further divided as • 4 lines that initiates handshaking, • 5 status lines used to communicate and notify errors and • 8 to transfer data.

Key Differences Between Serial And Parallel Transmission • Serial transmission requires a single line to communicate and transfer data whereas, parallel transmission requires multiple lines. • Serial transmission used for long distance communication whereas, the parallel transmission used for shorter distance. • Error and noise are least in serial as compared to parallel transmission. Since one bit follows another in Serial Transmission whereas, in Parallel Transmission multiple bits are sent together. • Parallel transmission is faster as the data is transmitted using multiples lines whereas, in Serial transmission data flows through a single wire.

• Serial Transmission is full duplex as the sender can send as well as receive the data whereas, Parallel Transmission is half duplex since the data is either sent or received. • Serial transmission cables are thinner, longer and economical in comparison with the Parallel Transmission cables. • Serial Transmission is reliable and straightforward whereas, Parallel Transmission is unreliable and complicated. Conclusion Both Serial and Parallel Transmission have their advantages and disadvantages respectively.

Parallel Transmission is used for shorter distance, provides greater speed. On the other hand, Serial Transmission is reliable for transferring data to longer distance. Hence, we conclude that both serial and parallel are individually essential for transferring data.

Serial searching This is the simplest kind of searching. It is also called the linear search or sequential search Searching starts with the first item and then moves to each item in turn until either a match is found or the search reaches the end of the data set with no match found. A criteria is set up before the search begins.

'find the address of customer no 1344' This criteria will allow a possible match to be found within the records / items stored. If no match is found, then the process will return the appropriate message. Serial searching algorithm • Set up the search criteria • Examine first item in the data set • If there is a match, end the procdure and return the result with 'match found' • If no match is found repeat with the next item • If the last item is reached and no match is found return 'match not found'. Advantages Serial search is fairly simple to code. For example the pseudo-code below shows the algorithm in action procedure serial_search() For i = 0 to 19 check_for_match(i, list) if match_found return 'match found' Next i return 'no match found' end The subroutine starts with a loop going over a 20 element list / array. Each item is checked until either a match is found or the loop ends and the 'return 'no match found' is reached. Good performance over small to medium lists.